How Do I Tell Her Her Vaginal smells ?

Offensive odour during sex could be a difficult thing to tell your partner.....I cant just go on with this relationship he says without telling her what the problem is .....However, she thinks....could it be spiritual problem, emotional, physical,financial,  hereditory etc. She has no clue on why he breaks up with her.
You are a lady, no matter what you try, how little or how much you clean it, or what products you try, you will always have a smell... down there. You may ask yourself  what can I do to make myself scentless? A woman’s vagina normally has a mild odor, but inflammation or infection of the vagina or cervix can result in an unusually strong, persistent or bad vaginal smell that is often described as a fish-like odor. However, if you are noticing a particular offensive odour down there, chances of infection is the root of the problem.

(1) The most common is Bacteria vaginosis. It may sound scary, big and frightening but its actually very common among ladies. its the most common cause of vaginal odour. Every vaginal is filled with naturally occurring bacteria, and BV is basically an outgrowth of the bacteria. Research as shown that most women in their reproductive years will experience at least one case of BV. The reason for this still remain unknown, but unprotected sex and frequent douching can put a lady at higher risk. BV does not lead to complications, but it can increase a woman's chances of developing a sexually transmitted disease. Also, a pregnant woman with BV has an increased chance of pregnancy complications. BV may cause a fishy, malodorous discharge. This odor is usually most prominent after sexual intercourse. But it is recommended that all women with BV symptoms should seek medical attention early to prevent  rare, but serious, complications. It could be tempting to buy over-the-counter products to mask vaginal odour. Experts warn that these don't usually carry any health benefits, rather they may offer some short-term relief.
To Be Contd.........

The Good, Bad And Ugly Among Bacteria....

Diagram of a bacteria

CONVICTS AMONG BACTERIA

Bacteria are beneficial to humans because we found them useful in brewing industries, milk factories, Agriculture, pharmaceutical companies and they also aid digestion in human and livestock.  However among bacteria there are bad ones that aren’t beneficial to humans because they are responsible for various human diseases.

Talking about convicts among bacteria, this is simply in this context referring to those bacteria with exceptional abilities in resisting treatments especially with antibiotics which are expected to kill the bacteria.

Antibiotics are designed specifically for the treatment of bacteria causing various infections. There are different classes of antibiotics that are available commercially. Among these classes we have penicillin (e.g. ampicillin), aminoglycosides (e.g. gentamicin), fluoroquinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin) to mention but few.

Before a bacteria can be termed multidrug resistance, it must be able to withstand 2 or more of the classes of antibiotics. Bacteria in this category are problematic because they often lead to treatment failures, recurrent infections, prolong hospital stay and financial burden.

These are the convicts among bacteria. They are medically important bacteria hence must be paid close attention to due to the amount of dangers they can cause. In subsequent series we shall be discussing them one after the other.

Tip. To avoid the multiplication of multidrug resistant bacteria, it is advisable to follow doctor’s prescription in taking antibiotics and avoid self-medication which is known to be among factors leading to development of resistant bacteria.

To be continued

About the author

Dr. Bamidele Odumosu is a Pharmaceutical Microbiologist in the department of Microbiology, University of Lagos Nigeria.

Effects of mosquito bite other than malaria fever .........

severe elephantoid scrotum 

elephantiasis of the leg 

Mosquito bites: Just a bite from mosquitoes could cause extreme swollen limbs, kidney damages, severe skin dermatitis, orchitis- inflammation of the testes etc

A man is going through the worst moments of his life after his leg swelled to extremely large proportions following a mosquito bite. It took just one bite from a mosquito for man to be infected with one of the most frightening and crippling tropical diseases. 

The man was bitten by the fly 20 years ago and subsequently infected with Lymphatic filariasis, a parasitic infection better known as Elephantiasis. It is called elephantiasis as a result of thickened and fissured ‘elephant-like” that occurs on the leg. Classical elephantiasis is a more unusual consequence of infection by Wuchereria bancrofti and by at least two other species of filaroids.

He has been battling the infection ever since, and watched as his left leg swelled and became thickened and fissured “elephant-like”, almost paralyzing him.

The disease targets the body's lymphatic system as the larvae reproduce and mature over a period of one year. The infection is typically characterized by extreme swelling of limbs or genitals, though the majority of people who are infected by the parasite do not develop any symptoms.

However, the worms can damage kidneys and lymph nodes even if a person does not exhibit external symptoms.

It is believed that the infection is brought to the new world by slave trade. Filariasis is found in Africa, Central and South America, South Asia, and the Pacific Islands. Global prevalence of lymphatic filariais is about 120 million cases and Wuchereria bancrofti is responsible for over 90% of lymphatic filariasis.  

Doctors can use anthelmintic drugs which will expel the parasitic worms from the patient's body. 

In cases whereby patients do not seek treatment early it can be a life-long battle.

In terms of prevention, although there is a greater risk for long-term travelers or humanitarian workers, all tourists are encouraged to use insect repellent containing DEET, or diethyltoluamide, the most common kind of insect repellent. 

Elephantiasis often leaves sufferers incapacitated as their painful and swollen limbs are incredibly difficult to move. 

It is primarily found in third world countries, it leaves many with the condition struggling to work, and can be fatal.

Wall gecko potential threat to human health and domestic animals ?

Diagram of a typical wall gecko. 

Wall geckos also known as "omonile" in Yoruba land.  Little has been done to see that wall geckos are eradicated from our homes and environments maybe as the name implies in Yoruba land "omonile" i.e they are the owner of the house.

Geckos are found in warm climates throughout the world especially within human habitation where they feed on insects, worms and spiders. They are nocturnal animals i.e. they are active at night and they are great climbers. They are mainly found in the ceiling, back of calendars during the day time but active at nights.  Parasitism remains a neglected aspect of reptiles biology hence little is known about the parasites that infect geckos which could be detrimental to human health. Geckos are likely zoonotic pathway to human health, though they may look friendly in habits, but are quiet killers in transmission of pathogens. Thus, they represent a substantial risk to human health and domestic animals.  Research as shown that geckos are potential carriers of endoparasites and ectoparasites  (helminthes). Also, geckos are linked with Salmonella. Ectoparasites such as  ticks - soft and hard, and mites. It is therefore likely that soft ticks of gecko may feed on man and livestock and by the virtue of their blood feeding habit also transmit diseases of the gecko to man or domestic animals.  The co-habitation of this reptile with man and livestock in a common domestic abode may therefore easily enhance the developmental or parasitic life-cycle of the gecko ectoparasites. Endoparasites like nematodes and cestodes are also found to be parasties of geckos which could develop in domestic mammals. 

The geckos being found in human habitation shows that man can be infected through contaminated food and water by faeces and saliva of the reptile or accidentally ingesting the egg.

Wall gecko looks harmless but they are potential threat to the health of man and domestic animals.

Health is Wealth  

Emerging Zoonotic disease "SARS-like virus called WIV1-CoV,"

A zoonotic disease is a disease that can be passed between animals and humans. Scientists have warned that humans should brace for the emergence of a new virus that could be deadlier than Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) , Zika or lassa fever. Its SARS-like virus called WIV1-CoV, it may induce the same results in humans as SARS – starting out with flu-like symptoms and accelerating rapidly to pneumonia. This deadly disease is isolated from Chinese rufous horseshoe bats. Discovery confirms that bats are the natural reservoir of the SARS virus. Phylogenetic analysis shows the possibility of direct transmission of SARS from bats to humans without the intermediary Chinese civets, as previously believed.

The scientists say this virus may never jump to humans, but if it does, WIV1-CoV has the potential to seed a new outbreak with significant consequences for both public health and the global economy.

According to the researchers, the capacity of this group of viruses to jump into humans is greater than originally thought. While other adaptations may be required to produce an epidemic, several viral strains circulating in bat populations have already overcome the barrier of replication in human cells and suggest reemergence as a distinct possibility.

According to reports, the SARS outbreak of 2003 infected 8,000 people – and claimed nearly 800 lives. More recently, the Ebola epidemic that swept through West Africa in 2014, infecting nearly 29,000 people and killing 11,300, serves as a stark reminder of the devastating impact an outbreak can have. And, the ongoing Zika crisis in South America, and lassa fever in Nigeria though not on the same scale as Ebola, is yet another example of how a virus can quickly spread.

Each of the outbreaks affected thousands of people – and cost billions in lost economic growth.

Researchers caution, WIV1-CoV could have a similar scope.

The virus spreads through close person-to-person contact by respiratory droplets produced when a person sneezes or coughs.

 “While other adaptations may be required to produce an epidemic, several viral strains circulating in bat populations have already overcome the barrier of replication of human cells and suggest reemergence as a distinct possibility.”

That finding suggests a potent treatment option if an outbreak were to occur.

However, treating WIV1-CoV with antibodies could lead to the same problem that arose with ZMapp – the antibody therapy used for Ebola.

fruits and vegetables has a pattern that resembles a body organ....

Do you know ticks are important vectors of diseases affecting both humans, livestock and animals? They carry over 15 different pathogens and cause over 16 human diseases.

Do you know ticks are important vectors of diseases affecting both humans, livestock and animals? Ticks carry over 15 different pathogens and cause over 16 human diseases. Ticks are found in almost every region of the world- tropical and sub tropical region.
They feed relatively for longer period and remain firmly attached to the host, their bite is painless and they occupy diverse habitats.
Ticks can transmit bacteria, viruses and protozoa which are pathogens for human diseases.
Prevalence and distribution of tick borne diseases is largely influenced by factors such as climate, landscape, wildlife hosts, tick distribution, globalization and ease of travelling.
The increase in reported tick borne diseases such as Lyme diseases, Rocky mountain spotted fever,, Ehrlichiosis as led to great awareness.
Their is hardly recorded cases of tickborne infection in human within Nigeria. Most cases are of tourists that visited endemic regions and came to Africa with the disease. However, to avoid tick borne diseases in Nigeria:
(1) one should continuously check himself or herself when travelling to countries where tickborne diseases are endemic.
(2) N,N-diethyl1-3-menthylbeanzamide is a lotion which should be robbed all over the body creating barriers between the body and ticks
(3) insecticides can be used in controlling tick populations.

African tick fever has not proven to be dangerous disease in sub Saharan Africa, using Nigeria as a case study. so little research as been carried out on it.

PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE.
HEALTH IS WEALTH!!!